Direktvermarktung vendor lock-in, across countries.

Renewable-energy operators are forced by statute to enrol with a private power-trader (Direktvermarkter) once their plant exceeds a kWp threshold; the trader can raise marketing fees mid-contract and switching providers requires multi-week grid-operator re-registration plus a new metering point, leaving operators contractually squeezed by an intermediary the regulator made mandatory. The pattern shows up in different jurisdictions with country-specific deadlines, fines and vendor ecosystems — but operators face the same underlying squeeze. Filter by country or industry above.